Do the following problems:
pp. 32-33: 1, 6, 18, 19, 23, 31, 36.
Do the following problems:
p. 387: 1, 6, 7, 15.
p. 35: 58.
Let s be a square root of -2. Let Z[s] = [a+bs : a, b integers}.
Z[s] has a norm function N(a+bs) = (a+bs)(a-bs),
and this norm gives Z[s] division with remainder,
and a Euclidean algortihm. Z[s] has unique factorization.
A1. Find all the units of Z[s].
A2. Find some ordinary (integer) primes which are Z[s]-primes
and some ordinary primes which are not Z[s]-primes. Find
at
least six of each and explain how you decide.
Conjecture how to decide whether an ordinary integer
prime is a Z[s]-prime.
B1. Let a, b, p be natural numbers, such that p is prime and a + b = p - 1.
Show a!b! + (-1)a is congruent to 0 modulo p. (from Davenport,
Higher Arithmetic)
K1. Let r be a positive rational number.
Let C be the unit circle with the graph  
x2 +
y2 = 1.
Let L be the line through the point (-1,0) with slope r.
Show: L intersects C at a second point with rational
coordinates (x/z, y/z), and (x,y,z) is a Pythagorean triple.
K2. Let C be the unit circle. Let L be any line with
rational slope which intersects C at two distinct points P and
Q.
Show: if P has rational coordinates, then Q has rational coordinates.
K3. Let E be the curve with the graph  
x3 + y3 = 9.
Let L be the line x + 4y = 9.
Line L is tangent to E at the point (1,2) and intersects
E at another point P.
Find P. (i.e. what are its coordinates?)
K4. Let E be the same curve as in problem K3.
Let M be the line through the point (2,1) and P. (Corrected)
Line M intersects E at a third point Q.
Show Q has rational coordinates.
K5. Let S be the curve with the graph   x4 + y4 = 1.
Find all of the points on S with rational coordinates.
K6. Let T be a set of N positive integers whose prime divisors are less than 20.
What is the smallest value of N which guarantees some nonempty subset of T
has product which is a perfect square?