This is the winning research paper (grand prize) at the Singapore
National Science Talent Search in 2003, and I wrote it as a high school student. The National Science Talent Search is a research-based science competition in areas including Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Computer Science, and Mathematics, and I was the first grand winner in Singapore's history to win with a math research project. The grand prize includes $10,000 cash, and a scholarship that fully funds both my undergraduate and PhD studies. The main highlight of this paper is a new characterization of when
p and
p+2k are simultaneously prime numbers, where
k is any fixed positive integer. Note however that it does not imply the twin prime conjecture (or the more general Polignac's conjecture).